Ecossistemas de inovação universitária e canais de inovação
estrutura conceitual e validação
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14488/1676-1901.v24i1.4572Palavras-chave:
Universidade-indústria, Spin-offs universitários, Transferência de tecnologia, Ecossistemas de inovação, Transferência de conhecimento, Canais de inovação, Licenciamento de patentes, InovaçãoResumo
As universidades desempenham um papel fundamental na economia e no desenvolvimento social. Nesse papel, elas usam diferentes canais para a introdução de inovações nos mercados. Ainda é necessária uma visão sistemática capaz de identificar os canais de inovação existentes e sua relação com o ecossistema de inovação universitária. Com base na literatura universidade-indústria, este artigo delineia uma estrutura conceitual sobre os canais de inovação universitária, os principais agentes dos ecossistemas de inovação universitária e seus respectivos papéis no processo de transferência de tecnologia. Essa estrutura se baseia em três camadas: 1 - macrocontexto; 2 - microcontexto; e 3 - contexto interno. Foram identificados três tipos de canais de inovação: 1 - spin-offs universitários; 2 - cooperação com agentes externos; e 3 - licenciamento de patentes. Essa estrutura é validada por uma abordagem qualitativa por meio de visitas e entrevistas com nove agentes (4 spin-offs; 1 centro tecnológico; 2 parques científicos; e 2 incubadoras de empresas) de três diferentes ecossistemas de inovação universitária no Brasil. Este artigo contribui para a teoria apresentando uma perspectiva integrativa sobre os agentes dos ecossistemas de inovação universitária, explicando como eles contribuem para que os canais de inovação universitária insiram inovações nos mercados. Para a prática, este artigo pode orientar a avaliação e o planejamento da melhoria dos ecossistemas universitários de inovação.
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